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In recent years, sales of electric vehicles (EVs) have been increasing rapidly and are expected to grow even more steeply in the coming years. As a result, global automakers are announcing the discontinuation of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle production. This shift has prompted companies previously involved in ICE vehicle manufacturing to quickly pivot toward…

What is a Radiator? A radiator is a cooling device installed in front of a car engine. Its primary role is to dissipate the heat generated within the vehicle. The engine, often referred to as the heart of the car, continuously receives fuel and generates intense heat during combustion. If this heat is left unmanaged,…

Motor Cores The demand for motors is exploding due to the rise of electric vehicles. This trend is expected to continue long-term, and the stock prices of related companies are also steadily increasing. Not only electric vehicles, but also many products around us use motors.Motors are essential components in almost all household appliances such as…

There are various types of synthetic coolants supplied domestically, but their cooling performance and pros and cons vary greatly depending on their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, appropriate selection criteria are essential. Among these, PVA and PEG have largely been discontinued both domestically and internationally due to environmental concerns related to their thermal decomposition byproducts.…

(1) Thermo-Mechanical Treatment Thermo-mechanical treatment refers to a method that combines plastic working and heat treatment. This method is used to obtain microstructures and mechanical properties that cannot be achieved through conventional heat treatment or plastic working alone. Typically, hot working is performed in the relatively high-temperature austenite region. However, to improve the strength and…

Water-soluble quenching fluids are primarily composed of polyalkylene glycol (commonly referred to as PAG, or polyoxyethylene oxypropylene glycol), which is a non-flammable aqueous solution with a small amount of corrosion inhibitors added. PAG is fully soluble in water at temperatures below approximately 74–88°C, but separates from water at higher temperatures. When a pre-heated metal part…

Quenching of steel refers to a process in which heated steel is cooled at an appropriate rate, generally for the purpose of hardening the material. Steel containing a suitable amount of carbon is heated to the austenite phase and then rapidly cooled to form a martensitic structure. The oil used for this rapid cooling is…

Water-soluble quenching oils can be classified into two types based on whether they form a film on the surface of the quenched part during the cooling process: 1. Non-Film Forming Aqueous Solutions (1) Acidic Solutions Inorganic acid solutions, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, show varying cooling characteristics depending on concentration and temperature. (2)…

In precision manufacturing, the quality and consistency of your heat treatment process can make or break your final product. At the core of this process is the heat treatment solution, most commonly composed of Polyalkylene Glycol (PAG) — a low-toxicity, biodegradable compound also used in cosmetics. Unlike traditional oils or additives, PAG is gentle on…